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this is Gordon Moore he co-founded Intel but\h
before that he came up with the law not a classic\h\h

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like don't murder or no white shoes after Labor\h
Day but one that nevertheless changed the world\h\h

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in 1965 he noticed that transistors a component\h
of microchips had shrunk really fast since 1959.\h\h

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his law predicted that every 18 months the number\h
of transistors Engineers could fit on a microchip\h\h

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would double in 1975 He adjusted the doubling time\h
to every two years still exponential growth just\h\h

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a little Chiller depending who you ask Moore's\h
Law either proved true or was a self-fulfilling\h\h

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prophecy the young semiconductor industry cranked\h
out smaller and smaller transistors at roughly\h\h

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the rate more predicted and computers got crazy\h
good Crazy Fast the first planner transistor from\h\h

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1959 had a transistor count of one the chip in the\h
iPhone 14 pro has a transistor count of 16 billion\h\h

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16 billion that's a lot to fit on one chip I had\h
one of my writers Amy see how many grains of rice\h\h

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she can fit on one ship and she only got to 261\h
before she called the National Labor Relations\h\h

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Board and with that skyrocketing transistor\h
count came smaller more powerful devices the\h\h

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Apollo guidance computer the one that allegedly\h
got those actors to the Moon had the computational\h\h

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power of about 15 000 flops but it was only about\h
0.25 of the nes's power the Xbox had more than\h\h

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six times the power of the iPhone 4 the Xbox 360\h
had more than 10 times the power of the Xbox by\h\h

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comparison advancement in just about every other\h
industry looks like turtle racing I mean in that\h\h

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same time McDonald's fries got worse bring back\h
the animal fat when he came up with his law Moore\h\h

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saw his industry as an exception to the far more\h
iconic Murphy's Law which says that anything that\h\h

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can go wrong well because in chipville things only\h
go well and then better but now despite all those\h\h

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glorious years of exponential growth Moore's\h
Law is dying mosfit transistors now the single\h\h

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most manufactured human-made object in history\h
literally cannot get any smaller because physics\h\h

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to understand why because physics I gave Amy a\h
sociology major a couple days to get up to speed\h\h

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on The Cutting Edge of semiconductor engineering\h
and quantum mechanics then I stole her phones\h\h

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so she wouldn't call the nlrb again here's\h
what she wrote you probably know that your\h\h

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computer works in binary code zeros and ones\h
transistors basically are those zeros and ones\h\h

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if a transistor is letting an electrical current\h
through one if it's not zero the more transistors\h\h

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on a chip the more complex the information your\h
computer can process and the quicker it can do it\h\h

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this transistor is made up of a bunch of\h
silicon atoms peacefully holding hands in\h\h

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four directions via their valence electrons\h
spice the silicon crystal over here has some\h\h

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phosphorus in it which has a fifth valence\h
electron running around loosey-goosey over\h\h

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here there is no phosphorus but there is\h
some Boron which with only three valence\h\h

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electrons has created holes that the other\h
electrons are running around trying to fill\h\h

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where these two areas meet we've got the depletion\h
layer the bonus electrons from this side fill\h\h

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the holes from this one creating a negatively\h
charged area that repels any spare electrons\h\h

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floating around phosphorus town that prevents the\h
current passing through so the computer reads zero\h\h

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if you apply just a little positive voltage here\h
you neutralize the depletion layer and electrons\h\h

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flow freely AKA one that's how transistors work\h
but why can't they shrink anymore today there are\h\h

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transistors that are just two nanometers wide the\h
width of 10 silicon atoms if you go much smaller\h\h

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electrons will be able to just hop the depletion\h
layer and flip zeros to ones at random thanks to\h\h

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a little move called Quantum tunneling see at\h
this tiniest scale there's innate uncertainty\h\h

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as to where things are and how they're moving\h
you can't just look at a particle and say it's\h\h

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there you have a wave and its matching probability\h
function tells you it's most likely there or there\h\h

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but it could also be there but probably not there\h
it's not that intuitive but if you've ever used a\h\h

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public transit system or a highway you've dabbled\h
in the quantum physics mindset Google Maps tells\h\h

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you your trip will take 25 minutes with classical\h
physics level certainty but you know that between\h\h

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traffic missed trains and your personal Need\h
for Speed you're probably looking anywhere from\h\h

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17 to 31. that's how things go at the quantum\h
level it's all probability so let's look at an\h\h

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electron approaching the depletion layer with that\h
mindset when it hits the barrier it creates this\h\h

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exponential decay curve and dies out inside its\h
electron is going to be here with no weirdness but\h\h

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if we shrink the barrier small enough that wave\h
doesn't die in the barrier and some probability\h\h

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survives to the other side meaning we have to\h
accept that even though classical physics say\h\h

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he'll be over here quantum physics says there's a\h
non-zero chance that Mr electron will pop up over\h\h

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here and let the current through that's Quantum\h
tunneling and if it's not take it up with Amy\h\h

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though I'm silverphone so she probably won't see\h
your text if a transistor gets too small electrons\h\h

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can just Quantum tunnel through the depletion\h
layer and flip a zero to one at random screwing\h\h

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with all that very important math your computer\h
is doing you're opening the door for Murphy's\h\h

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Law anything that can go wrong will if you put a\h
bajillion Quantum tunneling from transistors on\h\h

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a chip you'll get a lot of quantum tunneling\h
transistors this Wii wouldn't make computers\h\h

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better they'd mess them up and so subatomic\h
Murphy's Law kills more spawn it had a good\h\h

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so what now do computers stop getting better sadly\h
no humans are Innovation gluttons who'll just keep\h\h

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making computers better until we finally die by\h
their hands the end of Moore's Law just means that\h\h

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computers can't keep getting better in the exact\h
same way that they have since they hit the scene\h\h

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instead the dweebs have to figure out something\h
new like Quantum computing I asked Amy to whip up\h\h

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a quick explanation of that so let's see what we\h
got eat Rock's bonehead well that's not very nice\h\h

65
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what's also not very nice is grocery store\h
coffee it's just so mid it's not terrible\h\h

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but the beans are just boring and mediocre and\h
monotonous and it kind of just takes all the joy\h\h

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out of making coffee at home so what happens\h
to me and I'm guessing you is that I give up\h\h

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making coffee at home and revert to spending six\h
or seven dollars on a latte and you know what the\h\h

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financial experts say if by latte no can have home\h
so you're faced with only bad options you either\h\h

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kill your finances by going to a coffee shop or\h
drink boring grocery store coffee unless you use\h\h

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