this is Gordon Moore he co-founded Intel but\h before that he came up with the law not a classic\h\h
like don't murder or no white shoes after Labor\h Day but one that nevertheless changed the world\h\h
in 1965 he noticed that transistors a component\h of microchips had shrunk really fast since 1959.\h\h
his law predicted that every 18 months the number\h of transistors Engineers could fit on a microchip\h\h
would double in 1975 He adjusted the doubling time\h to every two years still exponential growth just\h\h
a little Chiller depending who you ask Moore's\h Law either proved true or was a self-fulfilling\h\h
prophecy the young semiconductor industry cranked\h out smaller and smaller transistors at roughly\h\h
the rate more predicted and computers got crazy\h good Crazy Fast the first planner transistor from\h\h
1959 had a transistor count of one the chip in the\h iPhone 14 pro has a transistor count of 16 billion\h\h
16 billion that's a lot to fit on one chip I had\h one of my writers Amy see how many grains of rice\h\h
she can fit on one ship and she only got to 261\h before she called the National Labor Relations\h\h
Board and with that skyrocketing transistor\h count came smaller more powerful devices the\h\h
Apollo guidance computer the one that allegedly\h got those actors to the Moon had the computational\h\h
power of about 15 000 flops but it was only about\h 0.25 of the nes's power the Xbox had more than\h\h
six times the power of the iPhone 4 the Xbox 360\h had more than 10 times the power of the Xbox by\h\h
comparison advancement in just about every other\h industry looks like turtle racing I mean in that\h\h
same time McDonald's fries got worse bring back\h the animal fat when he came up with his law Moore\h\h
saw his industry as an exception to the far more\h iconic Murphy's Law which says that anything that\h\h
can go wrong well because in chipville things only\h go well and then better but now despite all those\h\h
glorious years of exponential growth Moore's\h Law is dying mosfit transistors now the single\h\h
most manufactured human-made object in history\h literally cannot get any smaller because physics\h\h
to understand why because physics I gave Amy a\h sociology major a couple days to get up to speed\h\h
on The Cutting Edge of semiconductor engineering\h and quantum mechanics then I stole her phones\h\h
so she wouldn't call the nlrb again here's\h what she wrote you probably know that your\h\h
computer works in binary code zeros and ones\h transistors basically are those zeros and ones\h\h
if a transistor is letting an electrical current\h through one if it's not zero the more transistors\h\h
on a chip the more complex the information your\h computer can process and the quicker it can do it\h\h
this transistor is made up of a bunch of\h silicon atoms peacefully holding hands in\h\h
four directions via their valence electrons\h spice the silicon crystal over here has some\h\h
phosphorus in it which has a fifth valence\h electron running around loosey-goosey over\h\h
here there is no phosphorus but there is\h some Boron which with only three valence\h\h
electrons has created holes that the other\h electrons are running around trying to fill\h\h
where these two areas meet we've got the depletion\h layer the bonus electrons from this side fill\h\h
the holes from this one creating a negatively\h charged area that repels any spare electrons\h\h
floating around phosphorus town that prevents the\h current passing through so the computer reads zero\h\h
if you apply just a little positive voltage here\h you neutralize the depletion layer and electrons\h\h
flow freely AKA one that's how transistors work\h but why can't they shrink anymore today there are\h\h
transistors that are just two nanometers wide the\h width of 10 silicon atoms if you go much smaller\h\h
electrons will be able to just hop the depletion\h layer and flip zeros to ones at random thanks to\h\h
a little move called Quantum tunneling see at\h this tiniest scale there's innate uncertainty\h\h
as to where things are and how they're moving\h you can't just look at a particle and say it's\h\h
there you have a wave and its matching probability\h function tells you it's most likely there or there\h\h
but it could also be there but probably not there\h it's not that intuitive but if you've ever used a\h\h
public transit system or a highway you've dabbled\h in the quantum physics mindset Google Maps tells\h\h
you your trip will take 25 minutes with classical\h physics level certainty but you know that between\h\h
traffic missed trains and your personal Need\h for Speed you're probably looking anywhere from\h\h
17 to 31. that's how things go at the quantum\h level it's all probability so let's look at an\h\h
electron approaching the depletion layer with that\h mindset when it hits the barrier it creates this\h\h
exponential decay curve and dies out inside its\h electron is going to be here with no weirdness but\h\h
if we shrink the barrier small enough that wave\h doesn't die in the barrier and some probability\h\h
survives to the other side meaning we have to\h accept that even though classical physics say\h\h
he'll be over here quantum physics says there's a\h non-zero chance that Mr electron will pop up over\h\h
here and let the current through that's Quantum\h tunneling and if it's not take it up with Amy\h\h
though I'm silverphone so she probably won't see\h your text if a transistor gets too small electrons\h\h
can just Quantum tunnel through the depletion\h layer and flip a zero to one at random screwing\h\h
with all that very important math your computer\h is doing you're opening the door for Murphy's\h\h
Law anything that can go wrong will if you put a\h bajillion Quantum tunneling from transistors on\h\h
a chip you'll get a lot of quantum tunneling\h transistors this Wii wouldn't make computers\h\h
better they'd mess them up and so subatomic\h Murphy's Law kills more spawn it had a good\h\h
so what now do computers stop getting better sadly\h no humans are Innovation gluttons who'll just keep\h\h
making computers better until we finally die by\h their hands the end of Moore's Law just means that\h\h
computers can't keep getting better in the exact\h same way that they have since they hit the scene\h\h
instead the dweebs have to figure out something\h new like Quantum computing I asked Amy to whip up\h\h
a quick explanation of that so let's see what we\h got eat Rock's bonehead well that's not very nice\h\h
what's also not very nice is grocery store\h coffee it's just so mid it's not terrible\h\h
but the beans are just boring and mediocre and\h monotonous and it kind of just takes all the joy\h\h
out of making coffee at home so what happens\h to me and I'm guessing you is that I give up\h\h
making coffee at home and revert to spending six\h or seven dollars on a latte and you know what the\h\h
financial experts say if by latte no can have home\h so you're faced with only bad options you either\h\h
kill your finances by going to a coffee shop or\h drink boring grocery store coffee unless you use\h\h
Trade coffee you see they're a coffee subscription\h service with over 450 unique roasts that delivers\h\h
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